Archaeologists working at the southerly Egyptian website of Abydos have found the tomb of a previously unknown pharaoh: Woseribre Senebkay– and the first material proof of a failed to remember Abydos Empire, ca. 1650-1600 BC. Working in cooperation with Egypt’s Supreme Council of Antiquities, a group from the Penn Gallery, College of Pennsylvania, discovered master Senebkay’s tomb close to a bigger royal burial place, lately determined as belonging to a king Sobekhotep (possibly Sobekhotep I, ca. 1780 BC) of the 13th Empire
The revelation of pharaoh Senebkay’s tomb is the end result of job that started throughout the summer season of 2013 when the Penn Gallery team, led by Dr. Josef Wegner, Egyptian Section Partner Curator of the Penn Gallery, found a substantial 60-ton royal sarcophagus chamber at South Abydos. The sarcophagus chamber, of red quartzite delivered and quarried to Abydos from Gebel Ahmar (near modern-day Cairo), could be dated to the overdue Center Kingdom, yet its proprietor stayed unknown. Inexplicably, the sarcophagus had been extracted from its initial burial place and reused in a later burial place– but the initial royal owner continued to be not known when the summer season finished.
In the last couple of weeks of excavations, fascinating specifics of a series of masters’ tombs and a lost empire at Abydos have arised. Excavators now know that the large quartzite sarcophagus chamber that comes from an imperial burial place built initially for a pharaoh Sobekhotep– possibly Sobekhotep I, the first master of Egypt’s 13th Dynasty. Pieces of that master’s funerary stela were located simply recently before his massive, severely robbed tomb. A team of later pharaohs (ruling regarding an one-half and a century later during Egypt’s 2nd Intermediate Duration) were reusing aspects from Sobekhotep’s burial place for structure and equipping their very own burial places. One of these masters (whose name is still unknown) had removed and recycled the quartzite sarcophagus chamber. One more king’s tomb found just last week is that of the previously unidentified pharaoh: Woseribre-Senebkay.
A Shed Pharaoh and a Forgotten Dynasty.
The newly discovered burial place of pharaoh Senebkay days to ca. 1650 BC throughout Egypt’s Second Intermediate Duration. The identification was made by Dr. Wegner and Kevin Cahail, Ph.D. student, Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania. The burial place of Senebkay includes 4 chambers with an embellished sedimentary rock burial chamber. The burial chamber is repainted with photos of the sirens Nut, Nephthys, Selket, and Isis flanking the master’s canopic temple. Other contents name the kids of Horus and tape the king’s titulary and recognize him as the “king of Upper and Lower Egypt, Woseribre, the son of Re, Senebkay.”.
Senebkay’s burial place was terribly plundered by old tomb crooks which had ripped apart the king’s mummy in addition to stripped the pharaoh’s burial place tools of its gilded surfaces. Nonetheless, the Penn Museum excavators recovered the continues to bes of king Senebkay amidst particles of his fragmentary coffin, funerary mask, and canopic chest. Initial work with the master’s skeleton of Senebkay by Penn college student Paul Verhelst and Matthew Olson (of the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations) indicates he was a man of medium height, ca. 1.75 m (5’10), and died in his mid to late 40s.
The discovery provides significant new evidence on the political and social past of Egypt’s Second Intermediate Period. The presence of an independent “Abydos Empire,” contemporary with the 15th (Hyksos) and 16th (Theban) Dynasties, was first hypothesized by Egyptologist K. Ryholt in 1997. The revelation of pharaoh Senebkay now proves the presence of this Abydos empire and determines the place of their royal necropolis at South Abydos in an area anciently called Anubis-Mountain. The masters of the Abydos Empire positioned their burial ground beside the burial places of earlier Middle Kingdom pharaohs consisting of Senwosret III (Dynasty 12, ca. 1880-1840 BC), and Sobekhotep I (ca. 1780 BC). There is evidence for around 16 royal tombs reaching the period ca. 1650-1600 BC. Senebkay appears to be one of the earliest kings of the “Abydos Dynasty.” His name may have shown up in a busted area of the famous Turin Master Checklist (a papyrus paper dating to the reign of Ramses II, ca. 1200 BC) where two kings with the throne name “Woser … re” are tape-recorded at the head of a team of more than a dozen masters, the majority of whose names are completely shed.
The burial place of pharaoh Senebkay is moderate in scale. A vital revelation was the badly decayed remains of Senebkay’s canopic chest. This breast was made from cedar wood that had been recycled from the neighboring tomb of Sobekhotep I and still bore the name of that earlier master, covered over by gilding. Such reuse of things from the close-by Sobekhotep burial place by Senebkay, like the reused sarcophagus chamber found during the summer, gives evidence that suggests the restricted resources and separated economic scenario of the Abydos Kingdom which lay in the southern part of Center Egypt in between the larger kingdoms of Thebes (Dynasties 16-17) and the Hyksos (Empire 15) in northern Egypt. Unlike these phoned number dynasties, the pharaohs of the Abydos Empire were failed to remember to history and their royal necropolis unknown until this revelation of Senebkay’s tomb.
Egypt: Sarcophagus Causes the Tomb of a Previously Unidentified Pharaoh, from 3,600 Years Back
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